- Department of Old Testament
Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary
Andrews University
4145 E. Campus Circle Dr., Suite N116
Berrien Springs, MI 49104 - 269-471-6575
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Division and disunity have marked the history of the Christian Church from at least the end of the first century . . . . While not immune from this danger of dissent, Seventh-day Adventists have been relatively free of serious discord,... more
Division and disunity have marked the history of the Christian Church from at least the end of the first century . . . . While not immune from this danger of dissent, Seventh-day Adventists have been relatively free of serious discord, having a remarkable unity on Bible truth. But danger is always present as the enemy of the church seeks in every way possible to bring in variance and disagreement. 2
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During the past few years I have been reflecting on the best theological approach to reach out to the increasingly secular, postmodern society that has little or no regard for the authority of Scripture and hardly any acquaintance with... more
During the past few years I have been reflecting on the best theological approach to reach out to the increasingly secular, postmodern society that has little or no regard for the authority of Scripture and hardly any acquaintance with the Bible. The Christian church in general, and the Adventist Church/Adventist Theological Society in particular, have a mission to reach the world with a biblical theology that will attract and allure an increasingly relativistic and biblically illiterate society. In reading literature on postmodernism and talking to gen-Xers with a postmodern mindset, I have discovered that on one hand the very idea of a big picture of realityÑa grand metanarrativeÑis rejected as impossible to discover from our limited and provincial perspectives; and yet at the same time there is a hunger among postmoderns for a story, a narrative, with which they can identify and in which they can find meaning. I see this as the opportunity for a new and exciting application of bi...
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La inquietud que guía este artículo es resolver las discrepancias levantadas por distintas interpretaciones premilenialistas con respecto a la necesidad de la reconstrucción de un nuevo templo en Jerusalén. Estos conceptos subyacen bajo... more
La inquietud que guía este artículo es resolver las discrepancias levantadas por distintas interpretaciones premilenialistas con respecto a la necesidad de la reconstrucción de un nuevo templo en Jerusalén. Estos conceptos subyacen bajo las decisiones de diferentes políticas internacionales. Para resolver esta inquietud, este artículo hace un breve repaso bíblico sobre el significado de la tipología de los “espacios” o compartimentos del santuario/tabernáculo terrenal y sus actividades para centrarse particularmente en el libro de Apocalipsis en el marco de la revelación progresiva presente en los libros vetero y neotestamentarios. Los resultados muestran que las actividades tipificadas en estos “espacios” del santuario terrenal indicaban que, una vez que el Mediador (Cristo) iniciara con su sacrificio en la Tierra el nuevo tiempo antitípico, las siguientes partes de su ministerio se desarrollarían en un ambiente del que no participaban los seres humanos caídos.
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Introduction The basic elements in the biblical account of origins are summarized in the opening verse of the Bible, Gen 1:1: I. ÒIn the beginningÓÑthe ÒwhenÓ of origins; II. ÒGodÓÑthe ÒWhoÓ of origins; III. ÒcreatedÓÑthe ÒhowÓ of... more
Introduction The basic elements in the biblical account of origins are summarized in the opening verse of the Bible, Gen 1:1: I. ÒIn the beginningÓÑthe ÒwhenÓ of origins; II. ÒGodÓÑthe ÒWhoÓ of origins; III. ÒcreatedÓÑthe ÒhowÓ of origins; IV. Òthe heavens and the earthÓÑthe ÒwhatÓ of origins. In this paper we will take up each of these elements in turn, with special emphasis upon the ÒwhenÓ1 and aspects of the other elements that impinge upon the relationship between Scripture and science.
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S have increasingly recognized that Genesis 1 through 3 is set apart from the rest of the Bible, constituting a kind of prologue or introduction.1 These opening chapters of Scripture are now widely regarded as providing the paradigm for... more
S have increasingly recognized that Genesis 1 through 3 is set apart from the rest of the Bible, constituting a kind of prologue or introduction.1 These opening chapters of Scripture are now widely regarded as providing the paradigm for the rest of the Bible. John Rankin summarizes the growing conviction among biblical scholars: “Whether one is evangelical or liberal, it is clear that Genesis 1– 3 is the interpretive foundation of all Scripture.”2 The most prominent theme displayed in Genesis 1 through 3 is that of creation, which involves various issues of origins.3 Here in the
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A. Terminology: mabbûl (13x) and several other terms B. Extra-biblical Flood stories 1. Flood stories are almost universal (see Nelson, Deluge in Stone) 2. Stories nearest area of dispersion closest to Biblical account 3. Four main flood... more
A. Terminology: mabbûl (13x) and several other terms B. Extra-biblical Flood stories 1. Flood stories are almost universal (see Nelson, Deluge in Stone) 2. Stories nearest area of dispersion closest to Biblical account 3. Four main flood stories from Mesopotamian sources a. Eridu Genesis (Sumerian, ca. 1600 B.C.)–See T. Jacobsen, JBL 100(1981): 513-529 = Creation, Antediluvian Period, Flood b. Atrahasis Epic (Old Babylonian version, ca. 1600 B.C.)–see W. G. Lambert and a. R. Millard, Atrahasis (Oxford, 1969) = Creation, Anediluvian, Flood c. Gilgamesh Epic, 11 tablet (Neo-Assyrian version, 8th-7th cen. B.C.)–see Pritchard, ANET, pp. 23-26; and Alexander Heidel, The Gilgamesh Epic and OT Parallels (Chicago: University Press, 1946) = only Flood d. Berossus' account (Babylonian priest 3 cent. B.C.)–See Lamber and Millard, pp. 134-137 = just Flood C. Unity of the Genesis Flood Story–see accompanying photocopy from W. Shea, The Structure of the Genesis Flood Narrative and Its Implica...
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The purpose of this article is to examine major interrelated issues that are present in current discussions about the biblical Flood narrative of Gen 6-9. These include such questions as: the unity and literary genre of these chapters,... more
The purpose of this article is to examine major interrelated issues that are present in current discussions about the biblical Flood narrative of Gen 6-9. These include such questions as: the unity and literary genre of these chapters, the nature and extent of the biblical Flood, the relationship between history and theology in the Flood narrative, and the relationship of the biblical Flood narrative to other ANE flood stories. There are three major interpretations of Gen 9 : (1) nonhistorical (mythological) interpretations suggest that Gen 6-9 is a theologically motivated account redacted from two hfferent literary sources (J and P) and lmgely borrowed from other ANE mythological flood traditions; (2) limited or local flood theories narrow the scope of the Genesis Flood to a particular geographical location or locations (usually in Mesopotamia); and (3) tradtional views regard Gen 6-9 as a unified, historically rehble narrative describing a worldwide, global Flood, and written as a...
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This is the second part of a series of three articles where the author examines the issue of justification by faith with emphasis on the Old Testament perspective. In the first part the debate on justification in the context of the... more
This is the second part of a series of three articles where the author examines the issue of justification by faith with emphasis on the Old Testament perspective. In the first part the debate on justification in the context of the different Christian theological perspectives from the time of the Reformation to the present is reviewed in a panoramic way. From this second part, the study focuses on the Old Testament perspective, specifically on the Pentateuch. Finally, the study ends the discussion of this issue in the Old Testament and concludes establishing a series of implications for the understanding of the doctrine of justification.
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¿Se debe interpretar la profecía clásica y la apocalíptica con los mismos pasos?
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Thank you very much for reading i rest my case. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this i rest my case, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a... more
Thank you very much for reading i rest my case. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this i rest my case, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer. i rest my case is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the i rest my case is universally compatible with any devices to read.
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Introduction The historical narrative of David’s adultery involving Bathsheba (2 Sam 11-12) has often been interpreted as implicating Bathsheba as coconspirator or at least as partly to blame. For example, Randall Bailey argues at some... more
Introduction The historical narrative of David’s adultery involving Bathsheba (2 Sam 11-12) has often been interpreted as implicating Bathsheba as coconspirator or at least as partly to blame. For example, Randall Bailey argues at some length that Bathsheba is “a willing and equal partner to the events that transpire”1; H. W. Hertzberg suggests a possible element of “feminine flirtation”2; and Lillian Klein speaks of “Bathsheba’s complicity in the sexual adventure.”3 Similarly, according to Cheryl A. KirkDuggan, “the text seems to imply that Bathsheba asked to be ‘sent for’ and ‘taken.’”4 Do these interpretations represent the intent of the narrator? How can one decide?
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The creation accounts (Gen 1-2) coupled with the portrayal of disruption and divine judgment presented in Gen 3 have been described as of seminal character and determinative for a biblical theology of human sexuality. In a previous... more
The creation accounts (Gen 1-2) coupled with the portrayal of disruption and divine judgment presented in Gen 3 have been described as of seminal character and determinative for a biblical theology of human sexuality. In a previous article we focused upon the theology of sexuality in the creation accounts. Now we will explore the theological insights on sexuality emerging from Gen 3. Two basic issues related to sexuality call for our attention in Gen 3. The first concerns the contention by some scholars that Adam and Eve's "knowledge of good and evil" and their knowledge "that they were naked" (3:5, 7) both refer to the awakening of their sexual consciousness. The second issue involves the debate over the correct interpretation of the divine judgment on Eve (3:16).
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Many commentators on the Song of Songs find no reference to God nor the sound of God’s voice in the Song.1 It is understandable that against the background of pagan fertility cults, when the very air was charged with the divinization of... more
Many commentators on the Song of Songs find no reference to God nor the sound of God’s voice in the Song.1 It is understandable that against the background of pagan fertility cults, when the very air was charged with the divinization of sex, the divine presence/voice would have to be muted in the context of sexuality. Nonetheless, I am convinced that God is clearly present in the Song— and he is not silent!
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The literary structure of the Song of Songs has been the focus of a number of scholarly studies during the last several decades. Despite progress in unlocking the structural secrets of the SongÕs symmetrical beauty, no consensus has... more
The literary structure of the Song of Songs has been the focus of a number of scholarly studies during the last several decades. Despite progress in unlocking the structural secrets of the SongÕs symmetrical beauty, no consensus has emerged, and there remain crucial enigmatic literary-structural features that need further attention. In this article I survey the major recent attempts to grapple with the literary structure of the Song and then set forth the (tentative) results of my own research, building upon the insights of, and suggesting refinements to, the work of those who have gone before.
Research Interests: Art and Biblical Studies
Recent studies are challenging the hypothesis that NT writers mis-interpreted earlier Biblical writings, taking them out of context, and using interpretational techniques which are today considered “eisegesis”. However, biblical research... more
Recent studies are challenging the hypothesis that NT writers mis-interpreted earlier Biblical writings, taking them out of context, and using interpretational techniques which are today considered “eisegesis”. However, biblical research is now confirming that the NT writers used the OT contextually, in continuity with the meaning found in the OT passages. It is the thesis of this article that the later Bible writers were exegetes in their biblical hermeneutics, remaining true to the Messianic meaning of those earlier biblical passages seen in their original context. I organize my discussion of “Christ in all Scripture” following Hasel’s synthesis of approaches, and under each of them I provide examples of how this approach has been utilized by Jesus and NT writers to see Christ in all OT Scripture. In light of the indicators of Christ in the Old Testament, Jesus’ sweeping claim in Luke 24 needs to be taken seriously.
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El objetivo de este artículo es múltiple. Primero, busca definir brevemente el término “apocalíptica” desde una perspectiva bíblica. Segundo, muestra las características principales de la profecía apocalíptica. Tercero, revisa los... more
El objetivo de este artículo es múltiple. Primero, busca definir brevemente el término “apocalíptica” desde una perspectiva bíblica. Segundo, muestra las características principales de la profecía apocalíptica. Tercero, revisa los enfoques de interpretación profética aplicados a Daniel y Apocalipsis. Finalmente, presenta el modo de cumplimiento enfocado en el reino de Dios. El artículo concluye señalando que la apocalíptica bíblica tiene características únicas que la diferencian de la profecía clásica. Asimismo, declara que el historicismo es el mejor enfoque para interpretar Daniel y Apocalipsis; y si los adventistas del séptimo día se alejan de él, corren el riesgo de perder su identidad, mensaje y misión proféticos.
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Romanian Abstract: Este neindoielnic faptul că in Israelul antic (și in intregul Orient Apropiat Antic) o structurare patriarhală a societății era norma acceptată, iar tatăl era „capul titular al familiei israelite antice”.1 Familia, nu... more
Romanian Abstract: Este neindoielnic faptul că in Israelul antic (și in intregul Orient Apropiat Antic) o structurare patriarhală a societății era norma acceptată, iar tatăl era „capul titular al familiei israelite antice”.1 Familia, nu individul, era unitatea fundamentală a societății in Israelul antic. In situațiile familiale / maritale, tatăl era acela care iși asuma răspunderea legală pentru intreaga familie.English Abstract: This third part of a four-part study is a tentative answer to the same question we have addressed in the first two parts, namely, whether women should be ordained as pastors in the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The answer has been derived from the account of the OT witness on the role of women outside of Eden, both in the home and in the covenant community. In other words, our purpose here is to discover what constitutes God’s provisions for the relationship between men and women after the Fall.